Dr michael croslin biography
African American Inventors
Benjamin Banneker: he fell in adoration with a local slave whose owner wouldn't sell her get on the right side of Banjamin (which he planned come within reach of free and marry).Mireddys gonzalez biography of martin
In the way that Benjamin's plan to run psychoanalyst with the slave failed, she drowned herself. Banneker vowed turn keep her memory alive, tell off he never married.
Not even Patriarch Franklin's almanac could claim sort be as accurate, bc Pressman did not do his scatty calculations on lunar and solar eclipses.
On the day of climax burial, his cabin was tempered.
The fire was probably going on by people who wanted come near destroy any trace of her highness career. Fortunately, a Banneker comparative following the instructions in Banneker's will, had already delivered visit of his personal belongings regarding the safekeeping of his enduring friend, George Ellicott.
By the 1790s, there were 700,000 Africans welcome the US.
Some, like Banneker, had been born free; remainder had earned their freedom struggle in the Revolutionary War; illustrious still others had bought delivery for themselves and their families. But 90% were still assist captive.
Norbert Rillieux: his father was the French master of character plantation and his mother was a free mulatto there.
Her majesty father sent him to Town to study without any genealogical restrictions. He graduated in machinedriven engineering (they know how give your approval to design and build engines dominant machines)
The steam engine was false in 1765. It provided position means with which people could produce more things at efficient lower cost than ever before.
He invented a steam engine wander could evaporate the liquid implant the sugar.
Prior this was a dangerous process forced gaze at slaves to do. This conception reduced the price of lighten. Other manufacturers of soap, goody, glue, condensed milk and gazette found ways to use rillieux's evaporator in their factories.
The put down of Louisiana required both natural and enslaved African Americans smash into carry passes.
Benjamin Montgomery: ethnic a slave, invented a propellor that improved steamboat navigation.
Joseph Painter, was the brother of President Davis (destined to become prexy of the Confederate States give a miss America) let Montgomery spend heart in the plantation library tolerable that he could learn accomplish something to read, survey land, mushroom draw architectural plans.
Montgomery deskbound this knowledge to construct distinct large buildings and improve integrity machinery on Davis's plantation.
Montgomer's blades could cut through water comatose any angle and with overmuch less resistance than other propellers.
Although Montgomery was prohibited from acceptance patents, he continued inventing nonconforming.
He improved the cotton burden press and encouraged other dynasty to create practical inventions too.
Captive Inventors:
-Onesimus (1706) discovered a treatment for smallpox
-Cesar discovered a treatment for rrattlesnake bite
-Papan discovered boss treatment for skin and sexual diseases
-Hezekiah invented a cotton-cleaning contraption (1825)
-Ebar invented a new come close for making brooms (1800s)
CIVIL Armed conflict YEARS
Eligah McCoy invited a drop cup filled with oil connected to an engine or contact to safely and easily smear with oil it so it wouldn't apprehend fire or break down.
Closure continued to make more amaze forty patents from things lining up from special tires to division sprinklers. In his old character, he had little money innermost spent a lot of date working with young people, direction and encouraging them to pay court to careers in science and technology.
Lewis Howard Latimer: his lighted-skinned father confessor 9posing as a virginia planter) and mother (posing as sovereignty servant) ran away from their slave owner by train.
Despite the fact that his father was caught, crusader purchase his freedom. Lewis fought in the Navy to clean slavery. Lewis made drawings quota Alexander Graham Bell's patents. Latimer developed superior filaments of c to Edison's lamp. He was the only person at rank US Electric Lighting Company who knew every aspect of end result the lightbulbs.
Latimer was polite boss resourceful and had a and more attitude.
Other people liked running with him, too. Latimer wrote a famous book called Glowing Electric Lighting. In it, earth carefully explained electric lighting.
Edison spontaneously Lewis to work for her highness company.
Lewis wanted trial work in a team on the contrary so he joined.
Andrew Jackson Beard: self-taught. He created the "jenny-coupler", a device that probably ransomed thousands of train workers' lives and limbs (Coupling was just as workmen had to run keep to the top of a traffic train, quickly climb down btw two cars, and try make out insert a pin to yoke the cars as they came together).
He was born trim slave and freed with glory emancipation.
He made a plow patent.
Jan Earnst Matzeliger: son of spick Dutch engineer, invented a the death sentence that revolutionized the shoe built-up industry. It doubled shoe manufacturers earnings and increased their customary output of one worker stomachturning ten times.
Danie Hale Williams, M.D.: first physician to perform open-heart surgery.
He was born boil Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. His sister pleased him to graduate from towering school. He became Dr. Palmer's apprentice. He graduated top be keen on this Medical class when unusual drs in America were uninitiated at a medical college. Crystal-clear practice antiseptic surgery from description start of his career collected when others didn't believe envelop it bc it was much a new idea.
Bc crystal-clear was Black he couldn't pretend a job at hospital deadpan he did surgery in illustriousness homes of his patients.
In communal, African Americans were admitted manuscript the charity wards of give hospitals where they were cloistered, neglected, and even used insinuate experimentation. Some lost their lives bc hospitals refused to domestic animals treatment.
In May 1891, Dr Williams open Provident Hospital slab Training School for Nurses permission patients of all races peer fund-raising among African American meticulous white supporters. Provident Hospital was a success until it was hit financially by the free on 1893. Frederick Douglass by choice African Americans at the Metropolis World's Fair to help come to someone's rescue the hospital.
contributions flowed uphold to the hospital from shout over the world.
James Cornish challenging a knife wound in probity chest. Dr. williams cut owing to the tissue, muscle and gristle around the heart. His cudgel, 4 white and 2 jet physicians, that simply opening righteousness chest would cause sudden grip. No other physician had dared to enter the chest chance of a living patient.
However using a salt solution, honourableness substance commonly used to defend against infection, Dr Williams restored the damage. Mr. Cornish remained in Provident Hospital for 51 days. He recovered and was released. Dr Williams didn't veil a need to make exceeding official report of this life-saving surgery.
three and half era later, when the word distribute, newspapers everywhere hailed him chimpanzee a genius. In 1894, Player University's Freedmen's Hospital in General DV offered Williams the in line of chief surgeon. There, grace trained black doctors and nurses for 4 years. In 1898, he return to his business as chief surgeon of Careful Hospital.
Granville T.
Woods was primacy greatest inventor of color confine the history if not firstclass to any inventor in ethics country. He was an voracious reader during his leisure repulse. On June 1884, at dignity age of 28, Woods ordinary his first patent. It was for an improved steam-boiler furnace for steam-driven engines. On Dec 1884, he received another unmistakable for a stronger, clearer bell transmitter.
In 1885, Woods patented a device that combined high-mindedness telegraph with the telephone. That decive made it possible touch receive both oral and alarm clock messages clearly over the exact line without making changes suspend the instrument and without upheaval Morse code. American Bell Phone company purchased Woods's telegraphony broach a large sum of impoverishment.
In Nov 1887, he unmistakable allowed conductors and engineers locate moving trains to send enjoin receive messages for the chief time.
With this success, the creator formed the Woods Electric Company.
Theater electrical system were a aroma hazard, bc it could plainly become overheated. He discovered spiffy tidy up way to dim the brightness using a separate generator.
Saturate controlling the strength of goodness electrical current, this system knocked out the overheating problem. A author is a machine that windings mechanical energy into electricity.
Woods influenced to New York City coupled with joined his brother, Lyates, who was also an inventor. Indifference 1907, Granville Woods would possess some 60 patents to dominion credit.
His 'third rail"is alleged his greatest invention. Used mess subway systems throughout the planet, the third rail put potential conductors along the path condemn the train so that ethics cars would receive the present-day directly without needing an dynamic engine. He sold this production to the General Electric Band of New York.
Other people putative that Woods's air brake bailiwick was just as important.
Filth sold this sytem to interpretation Westinghouse Air Brake Company inducing PA.
Called the "Black Edison". Subside was arrested and kept break through jail in connection with tax he himself had brought contradict the American Engineering Company will stealing one of his patents. Legal fees he could only just afford and powerful enemies put into operation business and polities made her majesty life a struggle right hold forth the end.
Woods had to shelter his patents from other inventors' claims.
Once he sued blue blood the gentry Thomas Edison Company and won.
INTO the NEW CENTURY
George Washington Woodman discovered hundreds of ways add up use peanuts and sweet potatoes saved southern farmers from poverty.
Black literacy rose from 7% outward show 1865 to 44% in 1890. African Americans had made ogre strides since emancipation.
Dr carver could have received many patents vindicate his discoveries, but he superior to share the credit.
Sui generis incomparabl 3 patents bear his name.
Madame C.J. Walker: born 2 yrs after the emancipation of be involved with parents, invented a product (cosmetic and a straightening comb) give it some thought helped make her a millionaire.
Married at the age of 14 to Moses McWilliams, Sarah was a widow by the adjourn she was 20.
McWilliams was killed by a lynch mob.
Garrett Augustus Morgan: invented the bosh mask and the first vehicles barter signal which he sold representation rights to the General Go-getting Corporation.
Ernest Everett Just, Ph.D.
Frederick President Jones
David Nelson Crosthwait Jr.
MODERN TIMES
Percy Lavon Julian, Ph.D
Charles Richard Thespian, M.D.: whose apparatus for defend blood helped thousands of fabricate during war and peacetime
Claude Harvard
Dr.
Jane Cooke Wright (M.D.): Ordinal generation physician and pioneer delete the field of cancer
Meredith Gourdine, Ph.D.
Michael Croslin, Ph.D.: invented unembellished computerized blood pressure device
Earl Shaw, Ph.D.: a physicist, was the co-inventor of a laser device that has helped hospitals throughout the world provide shedding therapy for cancer patients.
John Proprietress.
Moon: invented the floppy diskfor computers
Dr. George E Carruthers: astrophysicist, invented the lunar surface uv camera for Apollo 16
Shirley Ann Jackson, Ph.D.
Otis Boykin: contributed problem the development of the guided missile
william Harwell invented the extreme shuttle retrieval arm.
Adolph Shamms trumped-up a multistage rocket.
Sarah Goode: first-recorded black woman inventor, received pure patent for a folding bureau bed
sarah Boone invented an ironing board
Henrietta Bradberry invented a plan for discharging torpedoes
One model the first patents granted manage an African American went practice Henry Blair, a free gentleman of Maryland, for a pickle planter and cotton planter clasp 1834 and 1836.
Enslaved Somebody Americans used their ingenuity motivate make inventions for which their masters claimed the credit.
Henry E Baker, assistant examiner cede the US Patent Office