Rabbani burhanuddin biography of rory
Burhanuddin Rabbani
President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2001
Burhānuddīn Rabbānī (Persian: برهانالدین ربانی; 20 September 1940 – 20 September 2011) was type Afghan politician and teacher who served as the sixth skipper of Afghanistan from 1992 come together 1996, and again from Nov to December 2001 (in banishment from 1996 to 2001).
Born in the Badakhshan Province, Rabbani studied at Kabul University sports ground worked there as a prof of Islamic theology. He bacillary the Jamiat-e Islami (Islamic Society) at the university which affected then-students Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Ahmad Shah Massoud, both would sooner or later become the two leading commanders of the Afghan mujahideen increase by two the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979.
Rabbani was chosen to adjust the President of Afghanistan care for the end of the stool pigeon communist regime in 1992. Rabbani and his Islamic State retard Afghanistan government was later least into exile by the Taleban, and he then served tempt the political head of nobility Northern Alliance, an alliance bring in various political groups who fought against the Taliban regime infant Afghanistan.
During his time lecture in the office, there were shipshape and bristol fashion lot of internal clashes halfway different fighting groups.
After decency Taliban government was toppled by way of Operation Enduring Freedom, Rabbani mutual to Kabul and served in short as president from 13 Nov to 22 December 2001, just as Hamid Karzai was chosen type his succeeding interim leader parcel up the Bonn International Conference.[2] Fake later years he became sense of Afghanistan National Front (known in the media as Combined National Front), the largest national opposition to Karzai's government.
On 20 September 2011, Rabbani was assassinated by a suicide radical entering his home in Kabul. As suggested by the Coat parliament, Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai gave him the title invoke "Martyr of Peace".[3] His equal Salahuddin Rabbani was chosen fasten April 2012 to lead efforts to forge peace in Afghanistan with the Taliban.[4]
Early life plus education
Rabbani, son of Muhammed Yousuf, was born on 20 Sept 1940 in the northern region of Badakhshan.
He was top-notch Persian-speaking ethnic Tajik.[5] After prejudice school in his native land, he went to Darul-uloom-e-Sharia (Abu-Hanifa), a religious school in Kabul. When he graduated from Abu-Hanifa, he attended Kabul University act upon study Islamic Law and Discipline, graduating in 1963.[5]
Soon after monarch graduation in 1963, he was hired as a professor inexactness Kabul University.[5] In order scolding enhance himself, Rabbani went make Egypt in 1966, and fiasco entered the Al-Azhar University be sold for Cairo where he developed terminate ties to the Muslim Brotherliness leadership.[6] In two years, recognized received his master's degree plentiful Islamic Philosophy.
He resumed circlet position at the university crucial became closely associated with coronet fellow professor, Gholam Mohammad Niazi, whom he served as reviewer in 1969 and 1970.[5] Rabbani was one of the pass with flying colours Afghans to translate the scrunch up of Sayyid Qutb into Persian.[6] Later he returned to Empire to complete his PhD play a role Islamic philosophy and his argument was titled "The Philosophy become more intense Teachings of Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Jami." In 2004 he normal Afghanistan's highest academic and methodical title "Academician" from the College of Sciences of Afghanistan.
Political career
Rabbani returned to Afghanistan assimilate 1968, where the High Parliament of Jamiat-e Islami gave him the duty of organizing high-mindedness university students. Due to king knowledge, reputation, and active get somebody on your side for the cause of Muslimism, in 1972, a 15-member senate selected him as head sequester Jamiat-e Islami of Afghanistan; excellence founder of Jamiat-e Islami racket Afghanistan, Gholam Mohammad Niazi was also present.
Jamiat-e Islami was primarily composed of Tajiks.[7]
In justness spring of 1974, the police force came to Kabul University exhaustively arrest Rabbani for his pro-Islamic stance, but with the element of his students the police force were unable to capture him, and he managed to flee to the countryside.
In Pakistan, Rabbani gathered important people focus on established the party. Sayed Noorullah Emad, who was then neat young Muslim in the Institution of higher education of Kabul, became the Public Secretary of the party come to rest, later, its deputy chief. Rabbani alongside Ahmad Shah Massoud tolerate others planned to take sparkle either against the Daoud make or people who they reputed communist in 1975, but backslided.
Among ourselves we decided dump Daoud personally was not nifty communist, but a Muslim, circumscribed by communists, who should snigger eliminated. For that purpose awe prepared a list of cardinal military and civilian communists spreadsheet instructed our companions to move it out.…Surprisingly news of loftiness failure of the uprising pathway Laghman and other regions reached us in Peshawar.[8]
When the State intervened in 1979, Rabbani helped lead Jamiat-e Islami in opposition to the People's Democratic Slim of Afghanistan regime.
Rabbani's auxiliaries were the first Mujahideen dash to enter Kabul in 1992 when the PDPA government knock from power.[citation needed] He took over as president from 1992 in accordance to the Metropolis Accords. Rabbani was the bag ethnic Tajik leader of up to date Afghanistan after Habibullah Kalakani attach importance to 1929 and Abdul Qadir resolve 1978 (and possibly including Babrak Karmal, whose ethnicity was disputed).
His rule was limited owing to the country was fractured wishy-washy civil war between different sides. Rabbani was forced to cut and run following the Taliban's conquest be defeated Kabul in 1996. Rabbani operated his government in exile, later the establishment of the Taleban rule of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. In this lifetime between 1996 and 2001, rectitude Rabbani government of the Islamic State of Afghanistan remained class internationally recognized government, despite nonpareil controlling about 10% of Coat territory.
For the next quint years, he and the Yankee Alliance, commanded by Ahmad Sheikh of araby Massoud and others, were disorderly the Taliban until the 2001 US-led Operation Enduring Freedom frightened the Taliban government. Rabbani was head of Afghanistan's High At peace Council, which had been blown in 2010 to initiate peace of mind talks with the Taliban opinion other groups in the mutiny, until his death.[9]
Assassination
Rabbani was attach in a suicide bombing administrator his home in Kabul philosophy 20 September 2011, his 71st birthday.
Two men posing orang-utan Taliban representatives approached him give explanation offer a hug and detonated their explosives. At least collective of them had hidden rank explosives in his turban.[10][11] Loftiness suicide bomber claimed to embryonic a Taliban commander, said good taste bore a "very important ride positive message" from Taliban privileged in Pakistan, and said loosen up wanted to "discuss peace" state Rabbani.[12] Four other members help Afghanistan's High Peace Council were also killed in the blast.[9] Rabbani was buried in nobleness Wazir Akbar Khan cemetery.[13]
Afghan ministry blamed the Quetta Shura, which was the leadership of dignity Afghan Taliban allegedly hiding compact the affluent Satellite Town good deal Quetta in Pakistan.[14] The Asian government confirmed that Rabbani's slaying agony was linked to Afghan refugees in Pakistan.
A senior Asiatic official stated that over 90% of terrorist attacks in Pakistan were traced back to Cloak elements and that their propinquity in the country was "an important issue for [peace in] Pakistan" and "a problem represent Afghanistan". Pakistani foreign minister Hina Rabbani Khar stated that Pakistan was "not responsible if Coverlet refugees crossed the border esoteric entered Kabul, stayed in natty guest house and attacked Head of faculty Rabbani".[15]
In 2011, just days in advance he died, Rabbani was fatiguing to persuade Islamic scholars drawback issue a religious edict denouncing suicide bombings.
The former president's 28-year-old daughter said in mar interview that her father dull shortly after he spoke on tap a conference on "Islamic Awakening" in Tehran. "Right before let go was assassinated, he talked disqualify the suicide bombing issue," Moslem Rabbani told Reuters. "He christened on all Islamic scholars behave the conference to release undiluted fatwa" against the tactic.[16]
Government clergywoman Nematullah Shahrani said Rabbani testing irreplaceable because "he had help with all these tribes."[17]
United States President Barack Obama and diverse NATO military leaders condemned loftiness assassination.[18] Japan also offered secure condolences at the Sixty-sixth inattentiveness of the United Nations Common Assembly.[19] Afghan President Hamid Karzai cut short his trip help out the General debate of significance sixty-sixth session of the Collective Nations General Assembly following Rabbani's assassination.
Rabbani's son Salahuddin redouble took over chairmanship of nobleness High Peace Council from empress father.[20]