Andrew jackson biography paper money quote

Andrew Jackson

(1767-1845)

Who Was Andrew Jackson?

A advocate and a landowner, Andrew Politico became a national war idol after defeating the British plug the Battle of New Besieging during the War of 1812. Jackson was elected the one-seventh president of the United States in 1828. Known as high-mindedness "people's president," Jackson destroyed loftiness Second Bank of the Mutual States, founded the Democratic Squaring off, supported individual liberty and instituted policies that resulted in authority forced migration of Native Americans.

He died on June 8, 1845.

Early Life

Jackson was born failsafe March 15, 1767, to Apostle and Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson, Scots-Irish colonists who emigrated from Island in 1765. Though Jackson’s provenance is presumed to have anachronistic at one of his uncles' houses in the remote Waxhaws region that straddles North Carolina and South Carolina, the accurate location is unknown since character precise border had yet look up to be surveyed.

Jackson’s birth came just three weeks after loftiness sudden death of his priest at the age of 29.

Growing up in poverty guarantee the Waxhaws wilderness, Jackson acknowledged an erratic education in leadership years before the Revolutionary Combat came to the Carolinas. Equate his older brother, Hugh, grand mal in the Battle of Stono Ferry in 1779, the forward-thinking president joined a local band of soldiers at age 13 and served as a patriot courier.

Captured by the British along confident his brother Robert in 1781, Jackson was left with put in order permanent scar from his compulsion after a British officer slashed his left hand and cut his face with a blade because the young boy refused to polish the Redcoat’s major-domo. While in captivity the brothers contracted smallpox, from which Parliamentarian would not recover.

Orphaned insensible Age 14

A few days fend for the British authorities released primacy brothers in a prisoner convert arranged by their mother, Parliamentarian died. Not long after diadem brother's death, Jackson's mother boring of cholera contracted while she nursed sick and injured general public. At the age of 14, Jackson was orphaned, and integrity deaths of his family personnel during the Revolutionary War bungled to a lifelong antipathy sight the British.

Raised by reward uncles, Jackson began studying code in Salisbury, North Carolina, inspect his late teens. He was admitted to the bar counter 1787, and soon after, high-mindedness 21-year-old Jackson was appointed prosecuting attorney in the western part of North Carolina, an environment that is now part elder Tennessee. He moved to class frontier settlement of Nashville tenuous 1788 and eventually became far-out wealthy landowner from the legal tender he accumulated from a developing law practice.

In 1796, Pol was a member of picture convention that established the River Constitution and was elected Tennessee's first representative in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was elected to the U.S. Diet the following year but persevering after serving only eight months. In 1798, Jackson was appointive a circuit judge on depiction Tennessee superior court, serving force that position until 1804.

Military Life, the War of 1812

Although noteworthy lacked military experience, Jackson was appointed a major general get on to the Tennessee militia in 1802.

During the War of 1812, he led U.S. troops reassignment a five-month campaign against picture British-allied Creek Indians, who challenging massacred hundreds of settlers unexpected result Fort Mims in present-day River. The campaign culminated with Jackson’s victory at the Battle adherent Horseshoe Bend in March 1814, which resulted in the insult of some 800 warriors near the eventual procurement by birth United States of 20 gazillion acres of land in fashionable Georgia and Alabama.

After that military success, the U.S. noncombatant promoted Jackson to major public.

Without specific instructions, Jackson undress his forces into the Country territory of Florida and captured the outpost of Pensacola slender November 1814, before pursuing Land troops to New Orleans. Mass weeks of skirmishes in Dec 1814, the two sides clashed on January 8, 1815.

Even though outnumbered nearly two-to-one, Jackson privileged 5,000 soldiers to an stupid victory over the British currency the Battle of New Besieging, the last major engagement have the War of 1812.

Nickname 'Old Hickory'

Dubbed a national ideal, Jackson received the thanks be in the region of Congress and a gold colours.

He was also popular middle his troops, who said go off at a tangent Jackson was "as tough monkey old hickory wood" on excellence battlefield, earning Jackson the term "Old Hickory."

Given command produce the Army’s southern division, President was ordered back into boasting during the First Seminole Clash at the end of 1817.

Perhaps exceeding his orders, recognized invaded Spanish-controlled Florida, captured Pigeonhole. Mark’s and Pensacola once re-evaluate, executed two British subjects parade secretly assisting the Indians mass the war and overthrew Westerly Florida Governor José Masot.

Adams-Onis Treaty

His actions drew a well-defined diplomatic rebuke from Spain, lecture many in Congress and draw out the cabinet of President Apostle Monroe called for his knock, but Secretary of State Closet Quincy Adams came to Jackson’s defense.

Spain ceded Florida upon the United States under say publicly 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty, and General held the post of Florida's military governor for several months in 1821.

Senator Andrew Jackson

Jackson’s belligerent exploits made him a fortitude political star, and in 1822 the Tennessee Legislature nominated him for the presidency of rectitude United States.

To boost consummate credentials, Jackson ran for existing won election to the U.S. Senate the following year.

In 1824, state factions rallied take turns “Old Hickory,” and a Colony convention nominated him for dignity U.S. presidency. Though Jackson won the popular vote, no nominee gained a majority of decency Electoral College vote, which threw the election to the Abode of Representatives.

Speaker of picture House Henry Clay, who challenging finished fourth in the electoral vote, pledged his support put up Jackson’s primary opponent, Adams, who emerged victorious. At first Politico accepted the defeat, but in the way that Adams named Clay as rustle up of state, his backers decried what they saw as neat as a pin backroom deal that became known as the “Corrupt Bargain.”

Presidency

After organized bruising campaign, Jackson — connect with South Carolina’s John C.

Calhoun as his vice-presidential running fellow — won the presidential preference of 1828 by a avalanche over Adams. With his poll, Jackson became the first borderland president and the first deceive executive who resided outside clamour either Massachusetts or Virginia.

Jackson was the first president to kindle the public to attend position inauguration ball at the Ivory House, which quickly earned him popularity.

The crowd that checked in was so large that series and dishes were broken because people jostled one another be determined get a look at authority president. The event earned Singer the nickname "King Mob."

Accomplishments

New Political Party

The negative reaction approximately the House's decision resulted shamble Jackson's re-nomination for the steering gear in 1825, three years formerly the next election.

It extremely split the Democratic-Republican Party engage two. The grassroots supporters topple “Old Hickory” called themselves Democrats and would eventually form position Democratic Party. Jackson's opponents nicknamed him "jackass," a moniker put off the candidate took a love to — so much and over that he decided to desert the symbol of a ass to represent himself.

That representation would later become the token of the new Democratic Party.

Jackson's Veto Power

After becoming president, Politician did not submit to Hearing in policy-making and was honourableness first president to assume bid with his veto power. Childhood prior presidents rejected only dosh they believed unconstitutional, Jackson fix a new precedent by wielding the veto pen as straight matter of policy.

Still disorder at the results of picture 1824 election, he believed get round giving the power to wrap up the president and vice executive to the American people overstep abolishing the Electoral College, collection him the nickname the "people's president." Campaigning against corruption, Politician became the first president trial widely replace incumbent officeholders congregate his supporters, which became darken as the “spoils system.”

Second Cant of the United States

In in all probability his greatest feat as skipper, Jackson became involved in clever battle with the Second Hoard of the United States, swell theoretically private corporation that absolutely served as a government-sponsored with.

Jackson saw the bank chimp a corrupt, elitist institution become absent-minded manipulated paper money and wielded too much power over rectitude economy. His opponent for re-election in 1832, Henry Clay, reputed the bank fostered a strapping economy. Seeking to make magnanimity bank a central campaign onslaught, Clay and his supporters passed a bill through Congress converge re-charter the institution.

In July 1832, Jackson vetoed the re-charter because it backed “the ennoblement of the few at description expense of the many.”

The American public supported the president’s views on the issue, nearby Jackson won his 1832 re-election campaign against Clay with 56 percent of the popular referendum and nearly five times slightly many electoral votes.

During Jackson’s second term, attempts to re-charter the bank fizzled, and picture institution was shuttered in 1836.

Jackson's Vice President: John C. Calhoun

Another political opponent faced by Pol in 1832 was an little one — his own evil president. Following the passage detect federal tariffs in 1828 near 1832 that they believed pet Northern manufacturers at their consumption, opponents in South Carolina passed a resolution declaring the meditating null and void in influence state and even threatened retirement.

Vice President Calhoun supported glory principle of nullification along exhausted the notion that states could secede from the Union.

Although he believed the tariff hint at be too high, Jackson imperilled to use force to compel federal law in South Carolina. Already replaced by New York’s Martin Van Buren, Jackson’s foregoing secretary of state, on high-mindedness 1832 ticket, Calhoun protested move became the first vice chairman in American history to quit his office on December 28, 1832.

Within weeks, a go fifty-fifty was passed that included swell modest reduction in the excise along with a provision digress empowered the president to have the result that the armed forces if major to enforce federal laws. Capital crisis was averted, but loftiness battle over states’ rights foreshadowed the Civil War three decades later.

During Jackson’s second term, fair enough was the target of representation first presidential assassination attempt subtract American history.

As he was leaving a memorial service construe a congressman inside the U.S. Capitol on January 30, 1835, deranged house painter Richard Writer emerged from the crowd playing field pointed a single-shot gold shooting-iron at the president. When blue blood the gentry gun failed to shoot, Saint pulled out a second piece, which also misfired.

The wroth Jackson charged the shooter champion hammered him with his birch while bystanders subdued the attempted assassin. The English-born Lawrence, who believed he was an inheritor to the British throne near owed a massive amount tablets money by the U.S. authority, was found not guilty unwelcoming reason of insanity and narrow to institutions for the deliberate of his life.

Controversial Decisions

Trail of Tears

Despite his popularity last success, Jackson's presidency was put together without its controversies.

One even more troubling aspect of it was his dealings with Native Americans. He signed and implemented leadership Indian Removal Act of 1830, which gave him the contour to make treaties with tribes that resulted in their elimination to territory west of say publicly Mississippi River in return have a thing about their ancestral homelands.

Jackson as well stood by as Georgia docile a federal treaty and high-sounding nine million acres inside class state that had been ensured to the Cherokee tribe. Granted the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in two cases that Colony had no authority over position tribal lands, Jackson refused greet enforce the decisions. As dinky result, the president brokered span deal in which the Cherokees would vacate their land lessening return for territory west be beaten Arkansas.

The agreement resulted afterwards Jackson’s presidency in the Track of Tears, the forced spur westward of an estimated 15,000 Cherokee Indians that claimed decency lives of approximately 4,000 who died of starvation, exposure viewpoint illness.

Dred Scott Decision

Jackson too nominated his supporter Roger Taney to the U.S. Supreme Importune.

The Senate rejected the incipient nomination in 1835, but like that which Chief Justice John Marshall in a good way, Jackson re-nominated Taney, who was subsequently approved the following day. Justice Taney went on calculate be best known for class infamous Dred Scott decision, which declared African Americans were wail citizens of the United States and as such lacked permitted standing to file a proceeding.

He also stated that magnanimity federal government could not preclude slavery in U.S. territories. Scope his career as Supreme Deadly Justice, Taney would go send for to swear in Abraham President as president.

While Jackson’s supporters sit in judgment the Democratic Party, his opponents also coalesced in a latest political party, united in their antipathy of the president impressive his policies.

Adopting the be the same as name as anti-monarchists in England, the Whig Party formed aside Jackson’s second term to reason what it saw as integrity autocratic policies of “King Saint I.”

The Whig party unavailing to win the 1836 statesmanlike election, which was captured indifferent to Martin Van Buren. Jackson, banish, left his successor with stick in economy ready to crater.

“Old Hickory” believed that paper mode did not benefit the public man and that it constitutional speculators to buy huge swaths of land and drive prices artificially high. Having taken clean up financial loss from devalued treatise notes himself, Jackson issued greatness Specie Circular in July 1836, which required payment in fortune or silver for public estate.

Banks, however, could not stumble on the demand. They began back up fail, and the ensuing Terrify of 1837 devastated the thrift during the course of Precursor Buren’s one-term presidency.

Andrew Jackson's Wife

When Jackson arrived in Nashville in 1788, he met Wife Donelson Robards, who, at magnanimity time, was unhappily married feign but separated from Captain Explorer Robards.

Rachel and Andrew mated before her divorce was outwardly complete — a fact turn this way was later brought to class during Jackson's 1828 presidential crusade. Although the couple had cleanly remarried in 1794, the company accused Rachel Jackson of bigamy.

Andrew Jackson Duel

Jackson's willingness get at engage his and his wife's many attackers earned him a-okay reputation as a quarrelsome public servant.

During one incident in 1806, Jackson even challenged one accuser, Charles Dickinson, to a contest.

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Despite being wounded come to terms with the chest by his opponent’s shot, Jackson stood his action and fired a round desert mortally wounded Dickinson. “Old Hickory” carried the bullet from give it some thought fight — along with make certain from a subsequent duel — in his chest the zenith of his life.

The Jacksons never had any biological family but adopted three sons, together with a pair of Native Inhabitant infant orphans Jackson came stare during the Creek War: Theodore, who died in early 1814, and Lyncoya, who was fail to appreciate in his dead mother’s squeeze on a battlefield.

The fuse also adopted Andrew Jackson Junior, the son of Rachel's relative Severn Donelson.

On December 22, 1828, two months before Jackson's statesmanly inauguration, Rachel died of ingenious heart attack, which the president-elect blamed on the stress caused by the nasty campaign. She was buried two days posterior, on Christmas Eve.

Death

After termination his second term in prestige White House, Jackson returned holiday at Tennessee, where he died recover June 8, 1845, at say publicly age of 78.

The acquire of death was lead poisonous caused by the two bullets that had remained in fillet chest for several years. Pacify was buried in the plantation’s garden next to his dear Rachel.

Jackson continues to fleece widely regarded as one work out the most influential U.S. presidents in history, as well although one of the most bellicose and controversial.

His ardent crutch of individual liberty fostered public and governmental change, including innumerable prominent and lasting national policies.

Andrew Jackson's House: The Hermitage

In 1798, Jackson acquired an expansive acreage in Davidson County, Tennessee (near Nashville), called the Hermitage. Argue with the outset, nine African Dweller enslaved peoples worked on influence cotton plantation.

By the age of Jackson’s death in 1845, however, approximately 150 slaves strenuous in the Hermitage’s fields.

Jackson and President Trump

Jackson was mid the favored predecessors of integrity 45th U.S. president, Donald Flourish, who hung a portrait sunup Old Hickory in the Chalkwhite House.

Ironically, that portrait fitting a prominent position behind Cornet during a November 2017 exposition to honor the Navajo Fit together Talkers — Native Americans who assisted the U.S. Marines amid World War II by telecasting encrypted messages through their catalogue language.